How Cancer Treatment Evolved During a Decade


Doubtlessly we are living in an era of technology and medical sciences. Today, medical sciences have been evolved so greatly that we are talking about genome reading and modification. So, cancer treatment is not exceptional and we will see how Cancer Treatment evolved During a Decade.

 

2010: First Ever Cancer Vaccine 


In 2010 FDA approved the first-ever Human Cancer Treatment Vaccine named sipuleucel-T. Basically this is a way of treating the metastatic prostate cancer that no longer responds to hormonal therapy using a patient's own immune system cells (dendritic cells). It is worth mentioning this was the first and only human cancer treatment vaccine ever approved globally.

 

2011: Ipilimumab

First time ever in history, the FDA approved the usage of ipilimumab for treating melanoma. Ipilimumab is a monoclonal antibody widely used for the treatment of inoperable or metastatic melanoma. Ipilimumab triggers the immune system to attack cancer cells by removing a "brake" that normally monitors the strength of the immune system and makes the immune system respond in a better manner.

2013: Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine (T-DM1)

FDA approved ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) for the treatment of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer back in 2013. Mainly, this is being used for the patients who took trastuzumab and/or a taxane drug for cancer treatment previously. T-DM1 is an immunotoxin which is an antibody-drug conjugate and is made by chemically connecting the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab with the cytotoxic agent mertansine. It blocks the proliferation by avoiding the formation and generation of the microtubules.  

2014: Analysis of DNA for Cancer Treatment

Researchers from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) which is a joint project of the NCI in collaboration with the National Human Genome Research Institute to analyze the DNA and other molecular changes occurring in more humans and this study was made for more than 30 types of cancers. In order to find gastric (stomach) cancer is basically four different diseases, not just one. On the basis of varying tumor characteristics, this result was derived.

2014: Pembrolizumab

In 2014, FDA approved pembrolizumab for the treatment of chronic and last stage of melanoma. This monoclonal antibody prevents the activity of a protein called PD1 on immune cells. Consequently, it increases the strength of immune responses to fight against cancer.

2015: Talimogene Laherparepvec

FDA approves talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) for the treatment of some patients with metastatic melanoma that cannot be surgically removed. T-VEC, the first oncolytic virus approved for clinical use works by infecting and killing tumor cells and stimulating an immune response against cancer cells throughout the body. 

2016: Cancer Moonshot

Congress passes the 21st Century Cures Act, which provides funding for the Cancer Moonshot, a broad program to enhance cancer research by investing in specific research initiatives that have the potential to provide a better solutions for cancer care, diagnosis, and prevention.

2017: Genomic Profiling Tests

In 2017, the FDA approved two products to test tumors for genetic changes that can cause the tumors susceptible to treatment with FDA-approved drugs. In November, FDA authorizes the MSK-IMPACT test developed and used by Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center to analyze tumors for potential changes in 468 cancer-related genes. In December, FDA approves the FoundationOne CDx test, which is performed to evaluate genetic changes in 324 genes that can trigger cancer growth.

2018: TCGA PanCancer Atlas

Researchers from NIH-funded and TCGA performed genomic analysis of 33 cancer types. The PanCancer Atlas gives a detailed genomic analysis of molecular and clinical data from more than 10,000 tumors that give cancer researchers a revolutionary understanding and learning of how, where, and why cancer grows in humans. 

2020: International Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes

A panel of international researchers analyze more than 2,600 genomes from 38 types of cancer. They compared them with normal tissues to identify common patterns and stages of molecular changes. The Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes study, which performed the research by using the data gathered by the International Cancer Genome Consortium and TCGA, reveals the complex action that keeps changing throughout the genome play in cancer treatment, development, growth, and spread.

 

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